The City of London, one of the world’s most significant financial hubs, is taking extensive measures to prepare for the impacts of climate change. At the heart of the Square Mile, efforts are being made to protect the historic district from rising water levels and extreme weather, with environmental initiatives ranging from innovative flood defenses to Mediterranean-style gardens designed to cope with hotter, drier conditions.
The City of London Corporation has allocated £68 million for climate action between 2020 and 2027. However, experts warn that this investment is just a fraction of the total cost required to safeguard the capital in the coming decades. The Thames Estuary 2100 project, which is set to be the UK’s largest flood risk management program, alone is expected to cost £16.2 billion by its completion in 2100.
One of the most visible changes in the City is the introduction of flowerbeds at Bank Junction, a highly concreted area now splashed with color. These flowerbeds are not merely decorative; they are designed to absorb surface water, preventing flooding in an area where heavy rainfall, exacerbated by climate change, poses a significant risk.
Alison Gowman, an alderman and elected steward for the City local authority, emphasizes the need to balance the preservation of the City’s historical legacy with the necessity of adapting to future climate challenges. The Corporation is not alone in its efforts; cities worldwide are investing heavily in climate adaptation. For instance, New York City is constructing new coastal defenses at a projected cost of $52 billion, while Tokyo focuses on disaster preparedness with regular drills for its residents.
Despite the City’s proactive measures, concerns remain about the broader implications for London. Bob Ward, chair of the London Climate Ready Partnership, highlights the disparity in readiness across different London boroughs. He stresses that while the City of London is leading in climate preparedness, if other areas fail to take similar action, the entire capital remains vulnerable.
In addition to flood defenses, the City is addressing the urban heat island effect, where built-up areas retain more heat, leading to higher temperatures. Mediterranean plants are being introduced in green spaces like Whittington Garden and Paul’s Walk to reduce the need for water and create cooler walking routes. Moreover, new building guidelines are being developed to ensure future constructions contribute to mitigating heat, including using shutters, reducing glass, and considering reflective roof materials.
However, the path to resilience is complex. The City’s riverside location, one of its most significant assets, is also a key vulnerability. The Thames Barrier and walled defenses protect the area from flooding, but these structures will require upgrades in the coming years. By 2100, some walls may need to be raised by as much as 100cm to remain effective.
As climate change continues to pose significant risks, the need for comprehensive adaptation strategies across all of London becomes increasingly apparent. The measures being implemented in the City of London are vital, but they must be part of a broader, coordinated effort to ensure the entire capital is prepared for a warming world.